Expectations and ideologies regarding energy drink consumption among young people. Implications for health education.

Abstract

Objectives: The present study aims to explore the ideologies and representations that motivate energy drink (ED) consumption among young people, assessing potential misconceptions and/or the lack of effective action by healthcare professionals. Method: This is a mixed-methods study combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative analysis employed the CaffEQ scale with a purposive sample of 246 Spanish participants (aged 14–30, both athletes and non-athletes). Qualitatively, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore consumption ideologies and motivations, making this a pioneering study in the Spanish context. Results: Findings reveal a low recognition of potential dependence risk, despite frequent cravings and subjective experiences of consumption necessity. While 96% of participants do not consider themselves dependent, the qualitative analysis shows a tendency to downplay this risk. In emotional and social terms, although most participants do not perceive significant positive effects, 37% report occasional mood improvements. The narratives further complement and deepen these findings, suggesting a complex relationship between perception, consumption habits, and underestimated risks. Conclusions: The study highlights the need to strengthen health education among young people regarding the risks associated with energy drink consumption and to actively involve healthcare professionals in prevention efforts. Additionally, it advocates for the regulation of sports sponsorship by the ED industry and the promotion of further research to better understand the causes and effects of consumption.